How does Resilience Predict Cognitive Rumination in College Students?

  • Mulawarman Mulawarman 
    Universitas Negeri Semarang
    Indonesia
  • Eni Rindi Antika
    Universitas Negeri Semarang
    Indonesia
  • Mayang T. Afriwilda
    Universitas Bengkulu
    Indonesia
  • Abi Fa'izzarahman Prabawa
    Universitas Islam Negeri Salatiga
    Indonesia
  • Galuh Nadhita
    Universitas Negeri Semarang
    Indonesia
  • Nawang Purboaji
    Universitas Negeri Semarang
    Indonesia

Abstract

Resilience is important for students to rise from stressful events such as cognitive rumination. Cognitive rumination makes students trapped in contemplation about their problems, resulting in students becoming unproductive. Therefore, this study aims to see the effect of resilience on cognitive rumination of Faculty of Education and Psychology Universitas Negeri Semarang and Faculty of Teaching and Education Universitas Bengkulu students. Quantitative methods were used in this study with an ex-post facto design. The population in this study is FEP UNNES and FETT UNIB students. A total of 320 FEP UNNES students and 292 FETT UNIB students were used as samples with purposive random sampling techniques. The data collection technique used a psychological scale of resilience (24 items) and a psychological scale of cognitive rumination (27 items). Hypotheses are tested and analyzed using simple regression analysis techniques. The results of this study showed that resilience had a significant negative effect on students' cognitive rumination (R=.890, R2=.793, β=-.890, t=112.605, and p<0.001). These results mean that resilience contributes 79,3% to cognitive rumination, so students who have high resilience are not easy to get caught up in negative rumination and remain productive in carrying out their academic activities. Further implications of this research for the field of guidance and counseling studies in higher education are to provide an initial foundation for digging deeper into aspects that can increase resilience in college students through experimental research. Researchers recommend looking at other perspectives of the subjects studied. For example, by adding a gender moderator variable to see differences in levels of resilience between male and female. In addition, expanding the range of research subjects to a wider range will further increase the generalizability of research with different sampling techniques.

Keywords
  • Resilience
  • Cognitive rumination
  • Productivity
Lisensing Information
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Mulawarman, M., Rindi Antika, E., Afriwilda, M. T., Prabawa, A. F., Nadhita, G., & Purboaji, N. (2024). How does Resilience Predict Cognitive Rumination in College Students?. KONSELOR, 12(4), 302–312. https://doi.org/10.24036/0202312443-0-86
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX
References
  1. Aldao, A., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2010). Specificity of cognitive emotion regulation strategies: A transdiagnostic examination. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(10), 974–983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2010.06.002
  2. Anqi Liu, Yaxun Yu, Shengtao Sun. (2023). How is the Big Five related to college students' anxiety: The role of rumination and resilience, Personality and Individual Differences (Vol. 200 (111901) ISSN 0191-8869, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2022.111901. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886922004068).
  3. Barbara, R., Lisa, P. G. & Karen, A. R. (2011). Resilience In Aging: Concepts, Research, and Outcomes. New York: Springer.
  4. Bucknell, K. J., Kangas, M., & Crane, M. F. (2022). Adaptive self-reflection and resilience: The moderating effects of rumination on insight as a mediator. Personality and Individual Differences, 185(August 2021), 111234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.111234.
  5. Cassidy, S. (2015). Resilience building in students: The role of academic self efficacy. Frontiiers inPsychology, 6 :1781, 1-14. Doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01781.
  6. Chen, J., & Li, X. Y. (2013). Genetic and environmental influences on adolescent rumination and its association with depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41(8), 1289–1298
  7. Dauvermann, Schamaal, Colic, Velzen, Bellow, Ford, Suckling, Goodyer, Impact Consortium, Blumberg & Harmelen. (2023). Elevated cognitive rumination and adverse life events are associated with lower cortical surface area and suicidal ideation in adolescents with major depressive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 325 (2023) 93–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.087
  8. Denis, A., & Luminet, O. (2018). Cognitive factors and post-partum depression: What is the influence of general personality traits, rumination, maternal self-esteem, and alexithymia?. Clinical psychology & psychotherapy, 25(2), 359–367. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2168
  9. Dewajani, J. S., & Karneli, Y. (2020). Analisis permasalahan ruminasi dan implikasinya terhadap layanan bimbingan dan konseling. Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 4(2), 339–344. https://doi.org/10.26539/teraputik.42415.
  10. Erickson, T, M., Newman, M. G., & Tingey, J. L. (2020). Worry and Rumination. In J. S. Abramowitz & S. M. Blakey (Eds.), Clinical handbook of fear and anxiety: Maintenance processes and treatment mechanisms (p. 148–166). American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/0000150-003.
  11. Fadhilah, R., & Hendriani, W. (2022). Faktor Lingkungan dan Biologis dari Ruminasi. Jurnal Muara Medika dan Psikologi Klinis, 2(1), 1-6.
  12. Gaow, E., & Kartasasmita, S. (2016). Pengaruh Rumination Terhadap Academic Achievement Pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Sarjana. Provitae Jurnal Psikologi Pendidikan, 7(1), 55–76.
  13. Gentzler, A. L., Wheat, A. L., Palmer, C. A., & Burwell, R. A. (2013). Children's responses to cognitive challenge and links to self-reported rumination. Cognition and Emotion, 27(2), 305–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2012.716394
  14. Greene, R. R., & Graham, S. A. (2009). Role of resilience among Nazi Holocaust survivors: a strength-based paradigm for understanding survivorship. Family & community health, 32(1 Suppl), S75–S82. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.FCH.0000342842.51348.83
  15. Harris P. B. (2008). Another wrinkle in the debate about successful aging: the undervalued concept of resilience and the lived experience of dementia. International journal of aging & human development, 67(1), 43–61. https://doi.org/10.2190/AG.67.1.c
  16. Hou, W. K., & Ng, S. M. (2014). Emotion-focused positive rumination and relationship satisfaction as the underlying mechanisms between resilience and psychiatric symptoms. Personality and Individual Differences, 71, 159–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.07.032
  17. Huey, C. W. T., & Palaganas, J. C. (2020). What are the factors affecting resilience in health professionals? A synthesis of systematic reviews. Medical teacher, 42(5), 550–560. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2020.1714020
  18. İşgör, İ. Y., Yılmaz, Y., & Laçin, B. G. D. (2022). The Prediction of Psychological Resilience by Fear of Happiness and Ruminative Thoughts. Education Quarterly Reviews, 5(3), 195–206. https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1993.05.03.538.
  19. Jacelon, C.S. 1997. The Trait and Process of Resillience. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 25 (1), 123-129
  20. Joormann, J., Dkane, M., & Gotlib, I. H. (2006). Adaptive and maladaptive components of rumination? Diagnostic specificity and relation to depressive biases. Behavior therapy, 37(3), 269–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2006.01.002
  21. Jurjewicz, H. (2016). How spirituality leads to resilience a case study of immigrants. European Journal of Science and Theology, 12 (4), 17-25.
  22. Lassi, S., & Mugnaini, D. (2015). Role of Religion and Spirituality on Mental Health and Resilience: There is Enough Evidence. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience, 17(3), 661-663. https://doi.org/10.4172/1522-4821.1000273
  23. Liu, J., Peh, C., Simard, S., Griva, K., & Mahendran, R. (2018). Beyond the fear that lingers : The interaction between fear of cancer recurrence and rumination in relation to depression and anxiety symptoms. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 111(March), 120–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.06.004
  24. LoSavio, S. T., Dillon, K. H., & Resick, P. A. (2017). Cognitive factors in the development, maintenance, and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. Current Opinion in Psychology, 14, 18–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.09.006
  25. Mallick, Mihir K & Kaur, Simranjit. 2006. Academic Resillience Among Senior Secondary School Students: Influence of Learning Environment, 8 (2) (pp. 20-27).
  26. Mawarni, Iga. (2022). Therapy rational emotive behavior untuk mengatasi overthinking remaja akibat disharmoni keluarga di Desa Seruni Gedangan Sidoarjo. Undergraduate thesis: UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
  27. McGuirk, L., Kuppens, P., Kingston, R., & Bastian, B. (2018). Does a culture of happiness increase rumination over failure? Emotion, 18(5), 755–764. https://doi.org/10.1037/ emo0000322.
  28. Moberly, N. J., & Watkins, E. R. (2008). Ruminative self-focus and negative affect: an experience sampling study. Journal of abnormal psychology, 117(2), 314–323. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.117.2.314
  29. Modini, M., Abbott, M. J., Modini, M., & Abbott, M. J. (2017). SC. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.12.002
  30. Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking Rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(5), 400–424. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745- 6924.2008.00088.x
  31. Ocalan & Uzar-Ozcetin (2021). The relationship between rumination, fatigue and psychological resilience among cancer survivors. Journal Clinical Nursing. 2022;31:3595–3604. DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16187
  32. Rasyid, M., Suhesty, A., Rahayu, D. (2023). Growth Your Mindset to Increase Resilience in College Students. Indonesian Journal Of Educational Research And Review, 6(2), 322-329. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijerr.v6i2.60194 322-329
  33. Reisnick, B., Gwyther, L. P., & Roberto, K. (Eds.). (2011). Resilience in Aging: Concepts,research, and outcomes. Springer Science & Business Media.
  34. Reivich, K., & Shatte, A. (2002). The resilience factor: 7 essential skills for overcoming life’sinevitable obstacle. New York: Broadway Books.
  35. Tanner, D., McLaughlin, J., Herschensohn, J., & Osterhout, L. (2013). Individual differences reveal stages of L2 grammatical acquisition: ERP evidence. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 16, 367–382. DOI: 10.1017/S1366728912000302
  36. Ungar, M. (Ed.). (2011). The Social Ecology of Resilience: a Handbook of Theory and Practice. Springer Science & Business Media.
  37. Ungar, M., Ghazinour, M., & Richter, J. (2013). Annual research review: What is resilience within the social ecology of human development? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 54(4), 348–366. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12025
  38. Ungar, M., Connelly, G., Liebenberg, L., & Theron, L. (2019). How Schools Enhance the Development of Young People’s Resilience. Social Indicators Research, 145(2), 615–627. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1728-8.
  39. Wahyuni, A. & Partini, S. (2017). Factors Affecting Indivudual Resilience. Advances in Social Science, Education, and Humanities Research, 173, 21-22. https://doi.org/10.2991/icei-17.2018.6
  40. Watkins, Edward R. & Henrietta Roberts. (2020). Reflecting on rumination: Consequences, causes, mechanisms and treatment of rumination. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 127, 103573
  41. Weaver, S., O'Shannessy, D., & Donovan, C. (2020). Rumination and Worry. Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent Development, 1–11. doi:10.1002/9781119171492.wecad164
  42. Whitmer, A. J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2013). An attentional scope model of rumination. Psychological Bulletin, 139(5), 1036–1061. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030923
  43. Yook, K., Kim, K., Suh, S. Y., & Lee, K. S. (2010). Journal of Anxiety Disorders Intolerance of uncertainty , worry , and rumination in major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24(6), 623–628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.04.003
  44. Yulanda, B. 2017. The Effect of Academic Resilience on Academic Achievement in a Study of Students Class of 2012, Undergraduate Management Study Program, Faculty of Economics, Parahyangan Catholic University.
  45. Yun, R.C., Fardghassemi, S., & Joffe, H. (2023). Thinking too much: How young people experience rumination in equitable contexts . Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 33 ( 1 ), 102 – 122 . https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2635
  46. Yuniswara, E. O., & Hartini, N. (2022). Lyric Analysis Intervention: Overcoming Cognitive Rumination of Late-Adolescent Females with Song Lyrics from. INSAN: Jurnal Psikologi dan Kesehatan Mental. https://doi.org/10.20473/jpkm.v7i12022.68-97.
Check for updates

Issue

Downloads

PDF

Statistic

Abstract Views
: 119 times
PDF
: 91 times