Exploring the Impact of Attachment to School Counselors on Moral Emotion Development in Slow Learners: A Case Study in Central Java Inclusive Schools

  • Erna Dwi Nugraini 
    Universitas Negeri Semarang
    Indonesia
  • Mulawarman
    Universitas Negeri Semarang
    Indonesia
  • DYP Sugiharto
    Universitas Negeri Semarang
    Indonesia

Abstract

Emotion becomes an integral part that derives children's moral behavior. Moral emotion controls moral transgression by making children aware of the consequences of their actions. However, not all children can control their emotions, e.g., slow learners. The slow learners in this study are students in inclusive schools in Central Java. Their status as inclusive students resulted in feelings of alienation, even bullying. One factor affecting moral emotions is children's attachment to attachment figures, including school counselors. This study aims to determine the attachment pattern between slow learners and school counselors in developing moral emotions. This research used a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data was collected by interviews, direct observations, focused group discussions (FGD), and documentation. The results showed that the level of slow learners‘ attachment security was affected by school counselors‘ affection, responsiveness, sensitivity, and availability, both physically and emotionally. Higher security slow learners demonstrated higher trust and disclosure, and are emotionally attached to school counselors compared to those with lower security. On the other hand, attachment is associated with moral emotions of shame, guilt, and righteous anger but is not significantly associated with empathy. The findings are expected to increase awareness of school counselors in showing support and affection toward slow learners in inclusive schools, especially while providing services to fulfill guidance and counseling functions of understanding, development, and prevention.

Keywords
  • Moral emotion
  • Slow learner
  • School counselor
  • Inclusive school
  • Central Java
Lisensing Information
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Nugraini, E. D., Mulawarman, M., & Sugiharto, D. (2024). Exploring the Impact of Attachment to School Counselors on Moral Emotion Development in Slow Learners: A Case Study in Central Java Inclusive Schools . KONSELOR, 12(4), 230–244. https://doi.org/10.24036/0202312434-0-86
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX
References
  1. Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (2015). Patterns of Attachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation (Classic Edition). Psychology Press.
  2. Alexander, S. L., Frederico, M., & Long, M. (2018). Attachment and children with disabilities: Knowledge and views of early intervention professionals. Children Australia, 43(4), 245–254. https://doi.org/10.1017/cha.2018.38
  3. Andharini, D., & Kustanti, E. R. (2020). Hubungan antara Kelekatan Aman Orangtua-Anak dengan Perilaku Prososial pada Siswa SMP Negeri 27 Semarang. Jurnal Empati, 9(1), 1–8.
  4. Armsden, G. C., & Greenberg, M. T. (1987). The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment: Individual Differences and Their Relationship to Psychological Well-Being in Adolescence. In Journal of Youth and Adolescence (Issue 5).
  5. Bowlby, J. (1958). The Nature of the Child’s Tie to His Mother. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 39, 350–373.
  6. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  7. Chauhan, S. (2011). Slow Learners: Their Psychology and Educational Programmes. Zenith: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 1(8). www.zenithresearch.org.in
  8. Cooter, K. S., & Cooter, R. B. (2004). One Size Doesn’t Fit All: Slow Learners in the Reading Classroom. Reading Teacher, 57(7), 680–684.
  9. Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches (Fourth Edition). SAGE Publication.
  10. Dapodik. (2021). Data Sebaran Satuan Pendidikan Penyelenggara Pendidikan Inklusif (SPPPI) Jenjang SD. Https://Ditpsd.Kemdikbud.Go.Id/Artikel/Detail/Data-Sebaran-Satuan-Pendidikan-Penyelenggara-Pendidikan-Inklusif-Spppi-Jenjang-Sd.
  11. Duschinsky, R., & Solomon, J. (2017). Infant disorganized attachment: Clarifying levels of analysis. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 22(4), 524–538. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104516685602
  12. Febriyani, A. R., & Haerudin, D. (2020). Motivation of A Slow Learner in An Elementary School. ETUDE: Journal of Educational Research, 1(1), 13–18. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
  13. Feniger-Schaal, R., & Joels, T. (2018). Attachment quality of children with ID and its link to maternal sensitivity and structuring. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 76, 56–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2018.03.004
  14. Govrin, A. (2014). The ABC of moral development: An attachment approach to moral judgment. Frontiers in Psychology, 5(JAN). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00006
  15. Guarnieri, S., Ponti, L., & Tani, F. (2010). The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA): A Study on the Validity of Styles of Adolescent Attachment to parents and Peers in an Italian Sample. TPM, 17(3). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284946221
  16. Gusti, N. S. (2021). Implementasi Pendidikan Inklusi dalam Setting Sekolah Menengah Atas di Kota Mataram Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Jurnal Kependidikan: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian Dan Kajian Kepustakaan Di Bidang Pendidikan, Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran, 7(3), 532. https://doi.org/10.33394/jk.v7i3.3469
  17. Hadi, A., & Laras, P. B. (2021). Peran Guru Bimbingan dan Konseling dalam Pendidikan Inklusi. Jurnal Selaras: Kajian Bimbingan Dan Konseling Serta Psikologi Pendidikan, 4(1), 17–24.
  18. Haidt, J. (2003). The Moral Emotions. Oxford University Press.
  19. Hall, J. G. (2015). The School Counselor and Special Education: Aligning Training With Practice. The Professional Counselor, 5(2), 217–224. https://doi.org/10.15241/jgh.5.2.217
  20. Hardiyanti, D. (2017). Proses Pembentukan Kelekatan pada Bayi. In PAWIYATAN (Vol. 24, Issue 2). http://e-journal.ikip-veteran.ac.id/index.php/pawiyatan
  21. Korikana, A. (2020). Slow Learners: A Universal Problem and Providing Educational Opportunities to Them to be A Successful Learner. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 6(1), 29–42. https://doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2020.61.2942
  22. Martins, M. C., Santos, A. F., Fernandes, M., & Veríssimo, M. (2021). Attachment and the development of moral emotions in children and adolescents: A systematic review. In Children (Vol. 8, Issue 10). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8100915
  23. Mazidah, M. (2021). Gambaran Kelekatan Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus dengan Guru di SLB Nurul Ikhsan Ngadiluwih. IAIN Kediri.
  24. Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook (3rd Edition). SAGE Publication.
  25. Muris, P., Meesters, C., Cima, M., Verhagen, M., Brochard, N., Sanders, A., Kempener, C., Beurskens, J., & Meesters, V. (2014). Bound to Feel Bad About Oneself: Relations Between Attachment and the Self-conscious Emotions of Guilt and Shame in Children and Adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23(7), 1278–1288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9817-z
  26. Nurshobah, D. (2021). Keefektifan Konseling Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy untuk Meningkatkan Self Esteem Anak Slow Learner di Sekolah Inklusi SMP Negeri 15 Cirebon. Universitas Negeri Semarang.
  27. Otrebski, W., & Czusz-Sudoł, A. (2022). Moral Sensitivity of Young People with Intellectual Disability – Its Role in The Process of Their Education. The European Educational Researcher, 5(1), 37–57. https://doi.org/10.31757/euer.512
  28. Oward, W. M. (2020). The Association between Attachment and Moral Emotions: A Multi-Level Meta-Analysis. University of Amsterdam.
  29. Permatasari, I., Pramudya, I., & Kusmayadi, T. A. (2018). Spatial Ability of Slow Learners based on Hubert Maier Theory. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 983(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/983/1/012095
  30. Permendiknas. (2009). Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 70 Tahun 2009 (Patent 70).
  31. Pons, F., De Rosnay, M., Bender, P. K., Doudin, P. A., Harris, P. L., & Giménez-Dasí, M. (2014). The Impact of Abuse and Learning Difficulties on Emotion Understanding in Late Childhood and Early Adolescence. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 175(4), 301–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2014.903224
  32. Purnama, R. A., & Wahyuni, S. (2017). Kelekatan (Attachment) pada Ibu dan Ayah dengan Kompetensi Sosial pada Remaja. Jurnal Psikologi, 13(1).
  33. Ramdhani, N. (2016). Emosi Moral dan Empati pada Pelaku Perundungan-siber. In Jurnal Psikologi (Vol. 43, Issue 1).
  34. Silondae, D. P. (2013). Model Bimbingan Kelompok Berbasis Nilai Budaya Suku Tolaki untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Sosial Siswa. Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling, 2(2). http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jubk
  35. Sugitri, P., & Marjo, H. K. (2022). Gaya Kelekatan pada Kualitas Pribadi Konselor dalam Memberikan Layanan Konseling. Jurnal Sains Sosio Humaniora, 6(2).
  36. Suryana, N. (2018). Problematika Slow Learner. Madrosatuna: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, 1(1), 12–25. http://jurnal.iailm.ac.id/index.php/madrosatuna
  37. Tangney, J. P., Stuewig, J., & Mashek, D. J. (2007). Moral Emotions and Moral Behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 58(1), 345–372. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070145
  38. Tomaszewski, L. E., Zarestky, J., & Gonzalez, E. (2020). Planning Qualitative Research: Design and Decision Making for New Researchers. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406920967174
  39. Tran, T., Nguyen, T. T. T., Le, T. T. T., & Phan, T. A. (2020). Slow Learners in Mathematics Classes: The Experience of Vietnamese Primary Education. Education 3-13, 48(5), 580–596. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2019.1633375
  40. Vanwalleghem, S., Miljkovitch, R., & Vinter, A. (2021). Attachment representations among school-age children with intellectual disability. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104064
  41. Verschueren, K., & Koomen, H. M. Y. (2012a). Teacher-child relationships from an attachment perspective. Attachment and Human Development, 14(3), 205–211. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2012.672260
  42. Verschueren, K., & Koomen, H. M. Y. (2012b). Teacher–Child Relationships from an Attachment Perspective. Attachment & Human Development, 14(3), 205–211. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2012.672260
  43. Wanabuliandari, S., Dwi Ardianti, S., & Rejekiningsih, T. (2021). Study Analysis of Confidence Level on Slow Learner Students. International Journal of Elementary Education, 5(4), 584–592. https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/IJEE
  44. Yin, R. K. (2017). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (Sixth Edition). SAGE Publications. as a 3rd level heading and should not be assigned a number.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Check for updates

Issue

Downloads

PDF

Statistic

Abstract Views
: 151 times
PDF
: 128 times