Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024): KONSELOR

Cheating behavior often arises due to a lack of individual self-control, influenced by both internal and external pressures, as well as the presence of opportunities to engage in dishonest actions. To address this issue, a pre-experimental study was conducted utilizing a one-group pretest-posttest design to evaluate the effectiveness of reality group counseling in reducing cheating behavior among high school students. After administering the intervention, the students were re-assessed, and the results were analyzed using a paired T-test. The findings revealed that the calculated t-value was 6.350, which exceeded the critical value of 3.82 at a 5% significance level with 3 degrees of freedom. Additionally, the significance value (2-tailed) was 0.008, which was lower than the threshold of 0.05. Based on these results, the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected, and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted, indicating a significant difference in students' cheating behavior before and after the counseling intervention. These findings suggest that reality group counseling was effective in reducing cheating habits among the high school students who participated in the study. In conclusion, reality group counseling can be considered a beneficial approach for mitigating cheating behavior in educational settings, contributing to the promotion of academic integrity.

Despite extensive research on the mental health consequences of bullying victimization, there is limited information on the protective factors that may mitigate these negative outcomes. This systematic review seeks to identify factors that can buffer the impact of bullying victimization on adolescent mental health. Articles were selected from the Scopus and Pubmed databases, covering studies published between 2014 and 2024. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 studies were found that focused on protective factors against the mental health effects of bullying among adolescents. The review reveals two major categories of protective factors: personal strengths and social support. Personal strengths include traits such as resilience, forgiveness, and religiosity, while social support involves factors such as student connectedness, parental psychological control, increased autonomy support, strong parent-child attachment, and the presence of multiple supportive adults. The findings suggest that schools should focus on building personal strengths and enhancing social support systems as key strategies to protect students from the adverse mental health effects of bullying, particularly through the improvement of counseling services and the creation of support programs.

This qualitative research proves that a typical Javanese systematic dialogue called Junggringan can improve an individual's cognitive structure, change their awareness, and then bring about changes at the behavioral levels. These changes then bring individuals out of problems. In Javanese terminology, this condition is called pangawikan pribadi. This paper aims to obtain an indigenous counseling model relating to Junggringan. This research involved 12 participants as the research subjects. By following the Junggringan dialogue, they succeeded in reaching the peak condition, where individuals realize errors in thinking and realize the absence of awareness, which then encourages maladaptive behavior. Acceptance of erroneous ways of thinking and lack of awareness drives individuals to an inner state of extraordinary relief. This peak experience is called Pangawikan Pribadi. With Pangawikan Pribadi, it is easier for individuals to find the solution. This is the essence of Javanese Counseling.

The present focus of school counselling accountability extends beyond merely tallying activities and time invested by counsellors; it necessitates that school counsellors implement results-oriented and evidence-based methods. This study is to examine the literature about trends, models, and barriers faced by counsellors in the implementation of accountability practices. This study employs a Narrative literature review and Bibliometric analysis covering the period from 2003 to 2023, analysed using Vosviewer. The research findings indicate that the literature on accountability in school counselling is intricately linked to program evaluation, data-driven decision-making, and stakeholder collaboration, all aimed at enhancing the efficacy of counselling services in educational institutions and ultimately fostering student success. The findings of the narrative literature review elucidate models that serve as references for school counsellors in implementing accountability practices, specifically data-driven decision-making, the transformative individual school counselling model, MEASURE, the evidence-based model, and the IDEAS model. Additionally, researchers identified accountability barriers stemming from both internal and external factors affecting school counsellors.These findings may serve as a foundation for future study aimed at establishing a data-driven approach to enhance school counsellor accountability.

Characteristics of Generation Z (Gen Z), especially final-year university students, have different attitudes, expectations, strengths, and weakness compared to previous generations when facing the job market. However, there is still a lack of literature discussing Gen Z in their career journey. Previous research indicates that psychological capital is a psychological resource by individuals in job performance and adapting to the workforce. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of Psychological Capital (PsyCap) in Gen Z when facing the job market. A literature review was conducted on 24 articles obtained from seven sources: Emerald Insight, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Sage Journal, SpringerLink, Taylor Francis, Science direct and Sinta Database. From the 24 literatures that met the inclusion criteria, this study focuses on four aspects: (1) characteristics Gen Z facing the workforce, (2) the differences PsyCap Gen Z with previous generation, (3) importance PsyCap in facing workforce, (4) and intervention to enhance PsyCap. From the literature analysis, it can be concluded that the PsyCap of Gen Z in several studies shows varied results. Some indicate that Gen Z’s PsyCap in lower than previous generations, while other studies find that Gen Z’s PsyCap is in the medium to high category. These differences show that although there are concerns about the low PsyCap of Gen Z, there is potential that this generation has an openness to possessing good psychological capacities in facing challenges. Therefore, interventions to enhance PsyCap for students are crucial for higher educations institutions to prepare graduates who are psychologically ready to compete in the job market.

Islamic boarding schools (Pesantren) are crucial educational institutions in Indonesia, characterized by their unique learning systems, values, and diverse student demographics. However, they face challenges, such as a lack of sufficient caregivers and teachers, limiting their ability to address students' varied needs, which range across age, gender, culture, and personal concerns. This study aims to develop a peer helper model that integrates Islamic boarding school values to overcome these limitations and provide better support for students, particularly for adolescents. Using a literature review and content analysis of various reference sources, this study found that peer helpers, designed with pesantren values, offer an potential solution by addressing the students' challenges through peer relationships, which are more significant during adolescence. The peer helper model includes essential components such as selecting suitable peer helper characteristics, equipping them with necessary skills, and implementing effective support strategies. This culturally relevant model not only compensates for the limited availability and competence of caregivers and teachers but also provides a framework adaptable to other educational settings with similar issues. The integration of religious and cultural values into student support systems demonstrates the importance of culturally responsive approaches in enhancing student well-being in educational contexts.

Emerging adulthood is a period of transition to early adulthood characterized by unstable conditions due to changes in many aspects of life. Psychological skills are needed that can help emerging adults face future challenges. This study aims to see the impact of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in improving subjective well-being and emotion regulation in emerging adults. The participants of this study consisted of eight persons. The criteria for participants in this study are individuals aged 17-19 years who did not show indications of anxiety, depression and stress disorders. The selection of these non-clinical criteria is intended so that healthy individuals can achieve better psychological conditions and as a preventive effort to avoid psychological disorders. The measuring instruments used in this study are the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) Scale. The data analysis method used is paired sample t-test to measure the difference in the average score in the group before and after the intervention. The results of the analysis proved that there was a significant increase in subjective well-being scores between before and after the intervention by increasing the life satisfaction. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in emotion suppression scores, however there was a decrease in the use of expression suppression strategies in regulating emotions. The results also show there is a decrease in the use of cognitive reappraisal strategies in regulating emotions between before and after the intervention, but the decrease is not significant. This study provides implications for counseling practice with ACT based interventions to provide more skills in observing and defusion technique in regulating emotions so that ACT is expected to improve individuals’ emotion regulation abilities.

Building healthy romantic relationships is a critical developmental task during emerging adulthood as it contributes to higher psychological well-being. However, the instability and uncertainty that often characterize this period can hinder emerging adults from forming healthy romantic relationships.  It has been found that self-concept is a key factor in building healthy romantic relationships, as a strong self-concept supports more positive outcomes in romantic relationships. However, much of the existing training only focuses on sexual health education and dating violence. In addition, the majority of emerging adults report that they have not received the relationship education they desire or require, whether from their families or educational institutions. To fill the gap in knowledge about this topic, this study focuses on enhancing self-concept through healthy romantic relationship training. This study hypothesized that participants who completed the training would report higher mean self-concept and healthy romantic relationship knowledge scores. This quasi-experimental study, employing one group pre-test and post-test design, involved 13 participants (M = 21.8, SD = 2.1). The instruments used to measure the variables were the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale Second Version Short Form (TSCS:2 SF) and the Healthy Romantic Relationship Knowledge Questionnaire. Qualitative data were also derived to support the quantitative data. Quantitative analysis using ANOVA Repeated Measures and thematic qualitative analysis showed that healthy romantic relationship training significantly enhanced self-concept in emerging adults. The research implications highlight the significance of providing training on healthy romantic relationship for emerging adults, emphasizing the need to focus on self-concept which can contribute to higher romantic relationship quality.  

Important for vocational students to achieve psychological well-being amidst technological developments that increase self-critical behaviour. Information overload, increased self-com, and other psychological health issues can increase self-critical behaviour. This can hinder the achievement of the six dimensions of psychological well-being. So, it is necessary to know the correlation between these two variables in vocational students. This study aims to determine the relationship between self-criticism on psychological well-being in vocational students. A total of 1812 students were included, and participants completed assessments of self‐criticism and psychological well-being. The result is self-criticism and psychological well-being is in a medium category with scores M = 60.34; SD = 2.86 and M = 118.48; SD = 2.53 sequentially. Analyses assessed the extent to which the intercept and linear slope of self‐criticism were associated with assessments of psychological well‐being. Findings suggest that a decrease in self-criticism is associated with better psychological well-being in vocational students. There was a relationship between self-criticism and psychological well-being. The implication of this finding suggests applying intervention with a focus on reducing self-criticism to improve student’s psychological well-being.

This study investigates the impact of the Community Guidance Model on women’s empowerment in the fishing village of Nelayan, Pangandaran Regency, Indonesia. It explores how this model promotes gender equality by enhancing social support, improving resource access, and driving cultural change. Using a qualitative case study approach, the research focuses on women participating in the community guidance program, selected through purposive sampling. Data collection methods included in-depth interviews, participant observations, and analysis of program documents. Thematic analysis revealed that the Community Guidance Model significantly strengthens social support networks, grants women greater access to economic and educational resources, and fosters a shift in cultural norms that traditionally limit women’s roles. These changes enable women to take on active roles within their communities, enhancing both their welfare and social standing. The study concludes that the Community Guidance Model is an effective strategy for empowering women in fishing villages, offering a pathway to sustainable gender equity and social inclusion. These findings support the expansion of such programs to achieve lasting improvements in the well-being and agency of women across Indonesian coastal communities.

This study explores the dynamics of social anxiety among first-year university students, focusing on the challenges they face and the adaptations they employ. The primary objective is to understand how specific factors influence students' anxiety levels, particularly examining the correlations between gender, age, and facets of social anxiety. Employing a survey design, data were collected using a validated questionnaire comprising 32 items that measure key aspects of social anxiety: Fear of Negative Evaluation, Avoidance of Social Situations with Strangers, and General Avoidance of Social Situations. The study analyzed responses from 334 students, predominantly female (69.2%) and under 20 years of age (84.4%), with most participants enrolled in the Faculty of Education and Psychology (67.1%). Results indicate significant correlations between the examined factors and social anxiety levels, with p-values < 0.05 across all aspects. Gender was significantly associated with general anxiety, with females exhibiting higher anxiety levels. Age was strongly correlated with Fear of Negative Evaluation, while faculty affiliation showed a significant relationship with Fear of Negative Evaluation and General Avoidance of Social Situations, but not with overall anxiety levels. These findings highlight the critical role of gender in influencing social anxiety, while the effects of age and faculty vary across specific dimensions of anxiety.

Academic anxiety is characterised by the presence of internal thoughts and sentiments of fear and doubt regarding an individual's capacity to successfully complete assignments and examinations with expected results. The Cognitive Behaviour Group Counselling (CBGC) approach is an efficient method that can assist students in addressing these difficulties more effectively. When conducting this study, a quantitative technique was utilised, and a genuine experimental design was utilised. Thirty students from vocational high schools in Mojokerto, Indonesia participated in the study. The sample size was twenty-two students, and they were split evenly between two groups: an experimental group and a control group, each consisting of eleven students. A scale for measuring academic anxiety that was based on Ottens' theory was used to collect data, and it was distributed through Google Forms. A paired sample t-test analysis was utilised in order to carry out the data analysis. When the experimental group was compared to the control group, the results showed that the experimental group saw a considerable drop in degrees of academic anxiety. The results of this study suggest that CBGC is an effective method for lowering academic anxiety among students who are enrolled in vocational colleges.

Inclusive Education is education that is open to all groups of people. Inclusive-based education in Islamic boarding schools (pondok pesantren) is to serve all students of different backgrounds. Students in Islamic boarding schools are composed of different backgrounds and personal identities, as students with inclusive values. Adaptation with the school environment requires self-efficacy in religiosity and spirituality. Self-efficacy can provide encouragement to students enrolled in Islamic boarding schools. Self-efficacy is a feeling of success through possessed abilities to achieve individual life goals. Self-efficacy gives a positive psychological impact towards a person in their lives. Research results indicated that there is a need for guidance and counseling services that can increase the self-efficacy of students yet allow them to stand firm in their religiosity and spirituality. To respond to this matter, there is the need for an application that students may use in any situation and condition. Therefore, the Islamic Guidance and Counseling Application (IGCA) answers the needs of education in Islamic boarding schools. The utilized method in this research was the qualitative method with observations, interviews, and documentation to examine the religiosity and spirituality of students in Islamic boarding schools. The research results are expected to be able to accommodate the needs of counselors in Islamic boarding schools with an inclusive approach for guidance and counseling of religiosity and spirituality.

Inclusive education seeks to ensure fair access to quality education for kids with special needs, as stipulated by Law Number 20 of 2003 on The National Education System of Indonesia. Nonetheless, children with impairments frequently face obstacles in social interactions and academic pursuits. This study investigates the efficacy of Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) training in improving the socialisation skills of students with disabilities at SMA Negeri 3 Bondowoso, an inclusive institution. The study employed a quasi-experimental approach and included three students with distinct needs: a slow learner, a visually challenged student, and a student with speech difficulties. Over a period of four months, SRL training was executed, integrating individualised counselling to enhance participants' metacognitive, motivational, and behavioural competencies. Data were gathered by pretest-posttest assessments, follow-up evaluations, questionnaires, and interviews with students, educators, and parents. The results demonstrated substantial enhancements in socialisation abilities, with all participants attaining elevated levels of social engagement, communication, and emotional control following the intervention. The SRL framework, based on self-regulation and social cognitive theories, allowed students to reflect on their behaviours, adjust social strategies, and control emotions proficiently. Personal counselling enhanced their self-assurance and development. This study shows that self-regulated learning (SRL) training, in conjunction with counselling, is an effective intervention for enhancing social skills and independence in students with impairments. The findings enhance inclusive education practices, providing educators with a systematic method to tackle social issues and foster a supportive learning environment for all children.

Bullying constitutes a form of violent conduct involving psychological or physical aggression directed towards individuals or groups perceived as weaker, through words, physical actions, or direct contact, which occurs recurrently. Such behaviour appears to be an enduring issue that considerably unsettles students. This is attributable to the potential long-term effects, including fear, diminished confidence, emotional regulation difficulties, persistent sadness, and trauma. Bullying manifests in various modalities, such as verbal, physical, relational, and cyberbullying. The research methodology employed in this study adopts qualitative approaches, primarily through observation. In the course of these observations, the researcher directly engaged with the subjects, monitoring their behaviours and interactions within the peer environment at school. The participants of this study were high school students enrolled at SMAN 1 Driyorejo Gresik. Data collected from research conducted among students at SMAN 1 Driyorejo indicate that 35.7% of students tend to engage in bullying behaviour, notably cyberbullying. Furthermore, 28.7% of students demonstrate tendencies towards verbal bullying, 18.9% towards relational bullying, and 16.5% towards physical bullying.