The Protective Factors of Bullying Victimization Experiences on Mental Health among Adolescents: A Decade of Systematic Review

  • Eem Munawaroh 
    Universitas Negeri Semarang
    Indonesia
  • Anwar Sutoyo
    Universitas Negeri Semarang
    Indonesia
  • Firdian Setiya Arinata
    Universitas Negeri Semarang
    Indonesia
  • Anggun Karomah
    Universitas Negeri Semarang
    Indonesia
  • Silviana Damayanti
    Universitas Negeri Semarang
    Indonesia
  • Luvieta Zulgya Nitami
    Universitas Negeri Semarang
    Indonesia

Abstract

Despite extensive research on the mental health consequences of bullying victimization, there is limited information on the protective factors that may mitigate these negative outcomes. This systematic review seeks to identify factors that can buffer the impact of bullying victimization on adolescent mental health. Articles were selected from the Scopus and Pubmed databases, covering studies published between 2014 and 2024. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 studies were found that focused on protective factors against the mental health effects of bullying among adolescents. The review reveals two major categories of protective factors: personal strengths and social support. Personal strengths include traits such as resilience, forgiveness, and religiosity, while social support involves factors such as student connectedness, parental psychological control, increased autonomy support, strong parent-child attachment, and the presence of multiple supportive adults. The findings suggest that schools should focus on building personal strengths and enhancing social support systems as key strategies to protect students from the adverse mental health effects of bullying, particularly through the improvement of counseling services and the creation of support programs.

Keywords
  • Protective factors
  • Bullying victimization
  • Mental health
  • Student connectedness
  • Personal strengths
Lisensing Information
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Munawaroh, E., Sutoyo, A., Arinata, F. S., Karomah, A., Damayanti, S., & Nitami, L. Z. (2024). The Protective Factors of Bullying Victimization Experiences on Mental Health among Adolescents: A Decade of Systematic Review. KONSELOR, 13(2), 72–82. https://doi.org/10.24036/0202413262-0-86
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX
References
  1. Anderson, Kimberley, and Stefan Priebe. 2021. “Concepts of Resilience in Adolescent Mental Health Research.” Journal of Adolescent Health 69(5):689–95. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.03.035.
  2. Antoniadou, Nafsika, Constantinos M. Kokkinos, and Angelos Markos. 2016. “Possible Common Correlates between Bullying and Cyber-Bullying among Adolescents.” Psicologia Educativa 22(1):27–38. doi: 10.1016/j.pse.2016.01.003.
  3. Bedaso, Asres, Jon Adams, Wenbo Peng, and David Sibbritt. 2021. “The Relationship between Social Support and Mental Health Problems during Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Reproductive Health 18(1):1–23. doi: 10.1186/s12978-021-01209-5.
  4. Borualogo, Ihsana Sabriani, Hedi Wahyudi, and Sulisworo Kusdiyati. 2020. “Bullying Victimisation in Elementary School Students in Bandung City.” 409(SoRes 2019):112–16. doi: 10.2991/assehr.k.200225.024.
  5. Bowes, Lucy, Farida Aryani, Faridah Ohan, Rina Herlina Haryanti, Sri Winarna, Yuli Arsianto, Hening Budiyawati, Evi Widowati, Rika Saraswati, Yuliana Kristianto, Yulinda Erma Suryani, Derry Fahrizal Ulum, and Emilie Minnick. 2019. “The Development and Pilot Testing of an Adolescent Bullying Intervention in Indonesia–the ROOTS Indonesia Program.” Global Health Action 12(1). doi: 10.1080/16549716.2019.1656905.
  6. Chandrasekara, Wijerathnage Somarathna. 2016. “Help Seeking Attitudes and Willingness to Seek Psychological Help: Application of the Theory of Planed Behavior.” International Journal of Management, Accounting and Economics 3(4):233–45.
  7. Demmrich, Sarah, and Semra Akgül. 2020. “Bullying Experience among Adolescents with a Turkish Migration Background in Germany: Ethnic Class Composition, Integration, and Religiosity as Protective Factors?” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17(13):1–16. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17134776.
  8. Desmet, Ann, Maddalena Rodelli, Michel Walrave, Gwendolyn Portzky, Eva Dumon, and Bart Soenens. 2021. “The Moderating Role of Parenting Dimensions in the Association between Traditional or Cyberbullying Victimization and Mental Health among Adolescents of Different Sexual Orientation.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18(6):1–20. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18062867.
  9. Duan, Wenjie. 2016. “The Benefits of Personal Strengths in Mental Health of Stressed Students: A Longitudinal Investigation.” Quality of Life Research 25(11):2879–88. doi: 10.1007/s11136-016-1320-8.
  10. Gottlieb, Benjamin H., and Anne E. Bergen. 2010. “Social Support Concepts and Measures.” Journal of Psychosomatic Research 69(5):511–20. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.10.001.
  11. Guo, Yi, Xiao Tan, and Qiu Jin Zhu. 2022. “Chains of Tragedy: The Impact of Bullying Victimization on Mental Health through Mediating Role of Aggressive Behavior and Perceived Social Support.” Frontiers in Psychology 13. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.988003.
  12. Hamm, Michele P., Amanda S. Newton, Annabritt Chisholm, Jocelyn Shulhan, Andrea Milne, Purnima Sundar, Heather Ennis, Shannon D. Scott, and Lisa Hartling. 2015. “Prevalence and Effect of Cyberbullying on Children and Young People: A Scoping Review of Social Media Studies.” JAMA Pediatrics 169(8):770–77. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0944.
  13. Holdcroft, Barbara B. 2006. “What Is Religiosity.” Journal of Catholic Education 10(1):89–103. doi: 10.15365/joce.1001082013.
  14. Kever, Anne, Korhan Buyukturkoglu, Claire S. Riley, Philip L. De Jager, and Victoria M. Leavitt. 2021. “Social Support Is Linked to Mental Health, Quality of Life, and Motor Function in Multiple Sclerosis.” Journal of Neurology 268(5):1827–36. doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10330-7.
  15. Kim, Samuel Seunghan, Wendy Marion Craig, Nathan King, Ludwig Bilz, Alina Cosma, Michal Molcho, Gentiana Qirjako, Margarida Gaspar De Matos, Lilly Augustine, Kastytis Šmigelskas, and William Pickett. 2022. “Bullying, Mental Health, and the Moderating Role of Supportive Adults: A Cross-National Analysis of Adolescents in 45 Countries.” International Journal of Public Health 67(March):1–10. doi: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604264.
  16. Lin, Li Yin, Yu Ning Chien, Yi Hua Chen, Chih Yi Wu, and Hung Yi Chiou. 2022. “Bullying Experiences, Depression, and the Moderating Role of Resilience Among Adolescents.” Frontiers in Public Health 10(May):1–11. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.872100.
  17. Lin, Muyu, Dieter Wolke, Silvia Schneider, and Jürgen Margraf. 2020. “Bullying History and Mental Health In University Students: The Mediator Roles of Social Support, Personal Resilience, and Self-Efficacy.” Frontiers in Psychiatry 10(January):1–9. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00960.
  18. Man, Xiaoou, Jiatong Liu, and Zengxin Xue. 2022. “Effects of Bullying Forms on Adolescent Mental Health and Protective Factors: A Global Cross-Regional Research Based on 65 Countries.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19(4). doi: 10.3390/ijerph19042374.
  19. Massarwi, Adeem Ahmad, and Daphna Gross-Manos. 2022. “The Association between Bullying Victimization and Subjective Well-Being among Children: Does the Role of Child Religiosity Matter?” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19(15). doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159644.
  20. Moore, Brian, and Stuart Woodcock. 2017. “Resilience, Bullying, and Mental Health: Factors Associated With Improved Outcomes.” Psychology in the Schools 54(7):689–702. doi: 10.1002/pits.22028.
  21. Noret, Nathalie, Simon C. Hunter, and Susan Rasmussen. 2020. “The Role of Perceived Social Support in the Relationship Between Being Bullied and Mental Health Difficulties in Adolescents.” School Mental Health 12(1):156–68. doi: 10.1007/s12310-019-09339-9.
  22. Perkins, Kesha N., Katie Carey, Emma Lincoln, Amanda Shih, Rachael Donalds, Shari Kessel Schneider, Melissa K. Holt, and Jennifer Greif Green. 2021. “School Connectedness Still Matters: The Association of School Connectedness and Mental Health During Remote Learning Due to COVID-19.” Journal of Primary Prevention 42(6):641–48. doi: 10.1007/s10935-021-00649-w.
  23. Quintana-Orts, Cirenia, and Lourdes Rey. 2018. “Traditional Bullying, Cyberbullying and Mental Health in Early Adolescents: Forgiveness as a Protective Factor of Peer Victimisation.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15(11). doi: 10.3390/ijerph15112389.
  24. Raj, Paul, C. S. Elizabeth, and P. Padmakumari. 2016. “Mental Health through Forgiveness: Exploring the Roots and Benefits.” Cogent Psychology 3(1):0–16. doi: 10.1080/23311908.2016.1153817.
  25. Ran, Hailiang, Le Cai, Xingting He, Linling Jiang, Tianlan Wang, Runxu Yang, Xiufeng Xu, Jin Lu, and Yuanyuan Xiao. 2020. “Resilience Mediates the Association between School Bullying Victimization and Self-Harm in Chinese Adolescents.” Journal of Affective Disorders 277(August):115–20. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.136.
  26. Reid, Gerald M., Melissa K. Holt, Chelsey E. Bowman, Dorothy L. Espelage, and Jennifer Greif Green. 2016. “Perceived Social Support and Mental Health among First-Year College Students with Histories of Bullying Victimization.” Journal of Child and Family Studies 25(11):3331–41. doi: 10.1007/s10826-016-0477-7.
  27. Rigby, Ken. 2003. “Consequences of Bullying in Schools.” Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 48(9):583–90. doi: 10.1177/070674370304800904.
  28. Rinn, Anne N. 2021. “Psychosocial Interventions.” Social, Emotional, and Psychosocial Development of Gifted and Talented Individuals 31:191–210. doi: 10.4324/9781003238058-15.
  29. Robinson, Luz E., Dorothy L. Espelage, Alberto Valido, Katherine M. Ingram, America J. El, Cagil Torgal, Sasha Mintz, and Tomei Kuehl. 2021. “Ethnic Representation and Willingness to Seek Help as Moderators Between Peer Victimization and Mental Health Outcomes among Latinx Adolescents.” School Mental Health 13(3):561–77. doi: 10.1007/s12310-021-09419-9.
  30. Santos, David, and Estibaliz Mateos-pe. 2020. “Cyberbullying in Adolescents : Resilience as a Protective Factor of Mental Health Outcomes.” 00(00):1–7. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2020.0337.
  31. Sapouna, Maria, and Dieter Wolke. 2013. “Resilience to Bullying Victimization: The Role of Individual, Family and Peer Characteristics.” Child Abuse and Neglect 37(11):997–1006. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.05.009.
  32. Schoeler, Tabea, Lauren Duncan, Charlotte M. Cecil, George B. Ploubidis, and Jean Baptiste Pingault. 2018. “Quasi-Experimental Evidence on Short- and Long-Term Consequences of Bullying Victimization: A Meta-Analysis.” Psychological Bulletin 144(12):1229–46. doi: 10.1037/bul0000171.
  33. Stebnicki, Mark A. 2016. “Disaster Mental Health Counseling.” Disaster Mental Health Counseling. doi: 10.1891/9780826132895.
  34. Tan, Rong, Yizhi Yang, Tao Huang, Xuanxuan Lin, and Hua Gao. 2023. “Parent–Child Attachment and Mental Health in Young Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Analysis.” Frontiers in Psychology 14(December):1–11. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1298485.
  35. Thomas, Hannah J., Jason P. Connor, and James G. Scott. 2018. “Why Do Children and Adolescents Bully Their Peers? A Critical Review of Key Theoretical Frameworks.” Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 53(5):437–51. doi: 10.1007/s00127-017-1462-1.
  36. Volk, Anthony A., Andrew V. Dane, and Elizabeth Al-Jbouri. 2022. “Is Adolescent Bullying an Evolutionary Adaptation? A 10-Year Review.” Educational Psychology Review 34(4):2351–78. doi: 10.1007/s10648-022-09703-3.
  37. Wolke, Dieter, and Suzet Tanya Lereya. 2015. “Long-Term Effects of Bullying.” Archives of Disease in Childhood 100(9):879–85. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2014-306667.
  38. Zhu, Yuhong, Wen Li, Jennifer E. O’Brien, and Tingting Liu. 2021. “Parent–Child Attachment Moderates the Associations Between Cyberbullying Victimization and Adolescents’ Health/Mental Health Problems: An Exploration of Cyberbullying Victimization Among Chinese Adolescents.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 36(17–18):NP9272–98. doi: 10.1177/0886260519854559.
Check for updates

Issue

Downloads

PDF

Statistic

Abstract Views
: 85 times
PDF
: 95 times